Node.js Framework

What is Node.js?

Node.js is an open-source, cross-platform runtime environment that allows developers to run JavaScript code outside the browser. It is built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine and is widely used for building fast, scalable server-side applications.

Why Use Node.js?

• Uses JavaScript for both frontend and backend
• Event-driven and non-blocking architecture for high performance
• Great for building real-time applications (e.g., chat apps, live feeds)
• Large ecosystem via npm (Node Package Manager)

Key Features of Node.js

• Asynchronous and Non-blocking I/O: Handles multiple requests efficiently
• Single-threaded event loop: Optimized for concurrency
• Lightweight: Uses minimal resources
• Fast execution: Built on Google's V8 engine

Common Use Cases

• RESTful APIs
• Real-time applications like chat and gaming
• Microservices architecture
• Streaming services

Popular Node.js Frameworks

• Express.js: Minimal and flexible web application framework
• NestJS: TypeScript-based framework for building scalable apps
• Koa: Lightweight and modern alternative to Express
• Sails.js: MVC framework inspired by Ruby on Rails

Node.js Architecture

• Single-threaded event loop
• Handles concurrent requests using callbacks and Promises
• Scalable and suitable for I/O-heavy operations

Advantages of Node.js

• Same language for both client and server
• Fast execution and scalable performance
• Rich ecosystem with thousands of npm packages
• Active developer community

Limitations

• Not ideal for CPU-intensive tasks
• Callback hell in complex scenarios (solved by async/await)

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